Layout
Proximity
Proximity refers to the the way items are grouped within a composition. Items can be arranged into groups of similarities.
Grouping by types increases accessibility by making it easier to understand the message.
Grids
Grids such as Modular, Hierarchic, Column, Baseline, and Manuscript grids keep pages easy to read, organized, and more pleasing to look at. Grid formatting eliminates clutter and confusion.
Modular 
Hierarchy 
Column
Baseline
Manuscript 
White Space
White Space, or negative space, helps a page with tidiness. It creates visual effects like contrast, brightness, and space.
The Golden Ratio
The Golden Ratio uses the formula arb is to a as a is to b. This ratio is a naturally occurring ratio that displays images slightly heavier on one third.
The Rule of Thirds
The rule of thirds is used on images, to create better visual effects and help display the movement of an image. The rule of thirds places three lines horizontally and vertically on an image. Focal points should be placed either on the lines or where the lines intersect.
